📜 A long story
Kazakhstan, 1800 → today
Kazakhstan grew from 2.04 million in 1800 to 20.3 million; a newborn can expect 50.8 more years of life than in 1868, and output per person is 2.2× its 1973 level, adjusted for inflation.
Told with long-run reconstructions, not the yearly series used elsewhere on the site: each chapter names its source. Scroll to move through the years.
☺ Chapter 1 · Population
How many people live there?
1800
In 1800, about 2.04 million people lived in Kazakhstan.
1900
4.16 million people.
2× the 1800 level
Reached twice the 1800 level in 1898.
1950
6.79 million people.
1.6× the 1900 level
2023
20.3 million people, the latest year in this series.
3× the 1950 level
Reached 5 times the 1800 level in 1963.
The sharpest fall in the data: down 11% between 1992 and 1999 (17.3 million → 15.5 million).
Long-run series: before 1950, reconstructions by HYDE and Gapminder, filled in between benchmark years by those sources. Log scale: equal steps up mean equal growth rates.
✚ Chapter 2 · Life expectancy
How long do people live?
1868
In 1868, a newborn in Kazakhstan could expect to live 23.6 years, on average.
1900
28.1 years.
+4.5 years since 1868
1950
55.6 years.
+28 years since 1900
Passed 40 years in 1939 (no data between 1926 and 1939, so it may have happened earlier).
Passed 50 years in 1950 (no data between 1939 and 1950, so it may have happened earlier).
2023
74.4 years, the latest year in this series.
+19 years since 1950
Passed 60 years in 1970.
Passed 70 years in 2013.
Long-run series: before 1950, historical estimates (Riley, Clio Infra, Human Mortality Database), only for years they cover. Dashed stretches are years without data.
◎ Chapter 3 · GDP per person (PPP)
How much is produced per person?
1973
In 1973, Kazakhstan produced about Int$12,200 per person, in 2011 prices.
2022
Int$26,500, the latest year in this series.
2.2× the 1973 level
Reached twice the 1973 level in 2017.
The sharpest fall in the data: down 38% between 1988 and 1995 (Int$12,300 → Int$7,670).
Long-run series (Maddison Project) in 2011 international dollars: adjusted for inflation, so not the same unit as today’s PPP figure. Log scale: equal steps up mean equal growth rates. Dashed stretches are years without data.
❦ Chapter 4 · CO₂ per person
How much CO₂ does each person emit?
1830
In 1830, fossil fuels and industry in Kazakhstan emitted about 0.00054 t of CO₂ per person.
1900
1.2 t.
2,206× the 1830 level
Reached twice the 1830 level, reached 5 times the 1830 level in 1850 (no data between 1833 and 1850, so it may have happened earlier).
Reached 10 times the 1830 level in 1855 (no data between 1850 and 1855, so it may have happened earlier).
Reached 20 times the 1830 level in 1858 (no data between 1855 and 1858, so it may have happened earlier).
Reached 50 times the 1830 level in 1866.
1950
6.7 t.
5.6× the 1900 level
The sharpest fall in the data: down 76% between 1913 and 1920 (1.8 t → 0.4 t).
2024
13.9 t, the latest year in this series.
2.1× the 1950 level
Long-run series: fossil CO₂ emitted within each country’s borders (Global Carbon Budget); early estimates are less certain. Log scale: equal steps up mean equal growth rates. Dashed stretches are years without data.