Land
Size, shape and altitude
How big is it, really?
Mongolia fits inside China 6.1 times.
China: 9,562,910 km² (2023) · Mongolia: 1,564,120 km² (2023)
How much coast is there?
China: 14,500 km (2026 edition) · Mongolia: 0 km (2026 edition)
How high can you climb?
China’s highest peak towers 4,475 m above Mongolia’s.
China: 8,849 m (2026 edition) · Mongolia: 4,374 m (2026 edition)
People
Who lives there, and how closely
How many people live there?
China has 394 times as many people as Mongolia.
China: 1.41 billion (2025) · Mongolia: 3.57 million (2025)
How crowded is it?
China is 65 times as densely populated as Mongolia.
China: 150 per km² (2025) · Mongolia: 2 per km² (2025)
How tall are the men?
Men in China are 5.0 cm taller than in Mongolia.
China: 175.7 cm (2019) · Mongolia: 170.7 cm (2019)
How tall are the women?
Women in China are 3.6 cm taller than in Mongolia.
China: 163.5 cm (2019) · Mongolia: 159.9 cm (2019)
How old is the typical person?
The typical person in China is 12 years older than in Mongolia.
China: 39.1 years (2023) · Mongolia: 26.8 years (2023)
How many children per woman?
Women in Mongolia have 1.5 more children on average than in China.
China: 1.01 children per woman (2024) · Mongolia: 2.5 children per woman (2024)
How many people are 65 or older?
15% of people in China are 65 or older, versus 5.4% in Mongolia.
China: 14.9% (2025) · Mongolia: 5.4% (2025)
How many Nobel laureates were born there?
China has produced 0.1 Nobel laureates per 10 million people, Mongolia 0.0.
China: 0.1 (2025) · Mongolia: 0 (2025)
How many official languages?
China and Mongolia are practically level.
China: 1 (2026) · Mongolia: 1 (2026)
Money
What an economy looks like per person
How big is the economy?
China’s economy is 769 times the size of Mongolia’s.
China: $19.5 trillion (2025) · Mongolia: $25.4 billion (2025)
How much is produced per person?
China produces 41% more per person than Mongolia.
China: Int$29,333 (2025) · Mongolia: Int$20,798 (2025)
How evenly is income shared?
Income is more unequally shared in China than in Mongolia (Gini 4.6 points higher).
China: 36 (2022) · Mongolia: 31.4 (2022)
How many people are looking for work?
Unemployment is 5.2% in Mongolia, versus 4.6% in China.
China: 4.6% (2025) · Mongolia: 5.2% (2025)
How much goes to the military?
China spends 1.7% of its GDP on the military, Mongolia 0.7%.
China: 1.7% (2024) · Mongolia: 0.7% (2024)
How expensive is it?
China’s price level (US = 100) is 1.4× Mongolia’s.
China: 47% (2025) · Mongolia: 34% (2025)
Health
Long lives, small beginnings
How much is spent on health?
China spends 2.1 times as much on health per person as Mongolia.
China: $763 (2023) · Mongolia: $360 (2023)
How long do people live?
People in China live 5.6 years longer than in Mongolia.
China: 78 years (2024) · Mongolia: 72.4 years (2024)
How many babies don’t reach their first birthday?
A baby in Mongolia is 2.7 times as likely to die before turning one as in China.
China: 4.1 per 1,000 (2024) · Mongolia: 11.2 per 1,000 (2024)
How many doctors are there?
Mongolia has 33% more doctors per person than China.
China: 3.1 per 1,000 (2022) · Mongolia: 4.1 per 1,000 (2022)
How common is obesity?
26% of adults in Mongolia are obese, versus 9.1% in China.
China: 9.1% (2024) · Mongolia: 25.5% (2024)
How many adults smoke?
30% of adults in Mongolia smoke, versus 23% in China.
China: 22.8% (2024) · Mongolia: 29.5% (2024)
Everyday life
Plates, glasses and happiness
How do people rate their lives?
People in China rate their lives 0.14 points higher than in Mongolia.
China: 6.07 (2025) · Mongolia: 5.94 (2025)
How much do people drink?
Adults in Mongolia drink 94% more alcohol than in China.
China: 3.7 litres (2023) · Mongolia: 7.1 litres (2023)
How much meat is on the menu?
Mongolia has 85% more meat per person than China.
China: 73.5 kg (2023) · Mongolia: 136.1 kg (2023)
How much food is there per day?
China has 496 kcal more food per person per day than Mongolia.
China: 3,527 kcal (2023) · Mongolia: 3,031 kcal (2023)
How long do people work?
China: 2,328 hours (2023) · Mongolia: no data
How long do people go to school?
Adults in Mongolia went to school 1.4 years longer than in China.
China: 8 years (2023) · Mongolia: 9.4 years (2023)
How many tourists visit?
Mongolia welcomed 4.4 times as many tourists per resident as China (2019).
China: 0.05 (2019) · Mongolia: 0.21 (2024)
Connected
Online, electrified, urban
How many people are online?
92% of people in China are online, versus 85% in Mongolia.
China: 92% (2025) · Mongolia: 85% (2024)
Who has electricity at home?
100% of people in China have electricity, versus 99% in Mongolia.
China: 100% (2024) · Mongolia: 99.1% (2024)
How many live in cities?
71% of people in Mongolia live in cities, versus 66% in China.
China: 66% (2025) · Mongolia: 71% (2025)
How many phones per person?
Mongolia has 141 mobile subscriptions per 100 people, China 132.
China: 132 (2024) · Mongolia: 141 (2024)
How much railway is there?
China’s railway network is 60 times as long as Mongolia’s.
China: 109,767 km (2021) · Mongolia: 1,821 km (2021)
How much do they fly?
Airlines from China fly 2 times as many passengers per resident as those from Mongolia.
China: 0.44 (2023) · Mongolia: 0.22 (2023)
Planet
Air, forests and energy
How much of the land is forest?
Forest covers 24% of China, but only 9.1% of Mongolia.
China: 24% (2023) · Mongolia: 9.1% (2023)
How much CO₂ does each person emit?
The average person in Mongolia emits 49% more CO₂ than someone in China.
China: 8.7 t (2024) · Mongolia: 12.9 t (2024)
How green is the power grid?
37% of China’s electricity is renewable, versus 8.4% in Mongolia.
China: 37% (2025) · Mongolia: 8.4% (2025)
How clean is the air?
The air in Mongolia carries 22% more fine dust than in China.
China: 31.3 µg/m³ (2024) · Mongolia: 38.2 µg/m³ (2024)
Safety
Measured risk, not vibes
How common is murder?
You are 11 times as likely to be murdered in Mongolia as in China.
China: 0.5 per 100k (2020) · Mongolia: 5.6 per 100k (2024)
How dangerous are the roads?
Roads in China are 40% deadlier than in Mongolia.
China: 17.4 per 100k (2021) · Mongolia: 12.4 per 100k (2021)
Climate
What the year feels like
How warm is it?
China is on average 5.8 °C warmer than Mongolia.
China: 7.8°C (2016–2025 avg) · Mongolia: 2°C (2016–2025 avg)
How much rain falls?
China gets 3.1 times as much rain as Mongolia.
China: 813 mm (2016–2025 avg) · Mongolia: 266 mm (2016–2025 avg)
Quick answers
Is China bigger than Mongolia?
China is larger. Mongolia fits inside China 6.1 times.
Which has more people, China or Mongolia?
China has 394 times as many people as Mongolia (2025 estimates).
Where do people live longer, China or Mongolia?
People in China live 5.6 years longer than in Mongolia. Life expectancy at birth is 78.0 years in China and 72.4 in Mongolia.
Are people taller in China or Mongolia?
Men in China are 5.0 cm taller than in Mongolia (NCD-RisC, cohort born 2019).
