Land
Size, shape and altitude
How big is it, really?
Mongolia fits inside China 6.1 times
China: 9,562,910 km² (2024) · Mongolia: 1,564,120 km² (2024)
How much coast is there?
China: 14,500 km (2026 edition) · Mongolia: 0 km (2026 edition)
How high can you climb?
China’s highest peak towers 4,475 m above Mongolia’s
China: 8,849 m (2026 edition) · Mongolia: 4,374 m (2026 edition)
How much of the land is farmed?
Farmland covers 69% of Mongolia, versus 42% of China
China: 41.7% (2024) · Mongolia: 68.8% (2024)
People
Who lives there, and how closely
How many people live there?
China has 394 times as many people as Mongolia
China: 1.41 billion (2025) · Mongolia: 3.57 million (2025)
How crowded is it?
China is 65 times as densely populated as Mongolia
China: 150 per km² (2025) · Mongolia: 2 per km² (2025)
How tall are the men?
Men in China are 5.0 cm taller than in Mongolia
China: 175.7 cm (2019) · Mongolia: 170.7 cm (2019)
How tall are the women?
Women in China are 3.6 cm taller than in Mongolia
China: 163.5 cm (2019) · Mongolia: 159.9 cm (2019)
How old is the typical person?
The typical person in China is 12 years older than in Mongolia
China: 39.1 years (2023) · Mongolia: 26.8 years (2023)
How many children per woman?
Women in Mongolia have 1.5 more children on average than in China
China: 1.01 children per woman (2024) · Mongolia: 2.5 children per woman (2024)
How many people are 65 or older?
15% of people in China are 65 or older, versus 5.4% in Mongolia
China: 14.9% (2025) · Mongolia: 5.4% (2025)
How many refugees does it host?
Mongolia hosts 19 times as many refugees per resident as China
China: 0.00016 per 1,000 (2025) · Mongolia: 0.0031 per 1,000 (2025)
How many Nobel laureates were born there?
China has produced 0.1 Nobel laureates per 10 million people, Mongolia none
China: 0.1 (2026) · Mongolia: 0 (2026)
How many official languages?
China and Mongolia are practically level
China: 1 (2026) · Mongolia: 1 (2026)
Money
What an economy looks like per person
How big is the economy?
China’s economy is 769 times the size of Mongolia’s
China: $19.5 trillion (2025) · Mongolia: $25.4 billion (2025)
How much is produced per person?
China produces 41% more per person than Mongolia
China: Int$29,333 (2025) · Mongolia: Int$20,798 (2025)
How evenly is income shared?
Income is more unequally shared in China than in Mongolia (Gini 4.6 points higher)
China: 36 (2022) · Mongolia: 31.4 (2022)
How many live on less than $3 a day?
Mongolia and China are practically level
China: 0% (2022) · Mongolia: 0.4% (2022)
How many people are looking for work?
Unemployment is 5.2% in Mongolia, versus 4.6% in China
China: 4.6% (2025) · Mongolia: 5.2% (2025)
How much goes to the military?
China spends 1.7% of its GDP on the military, Mongolia 0.9%
China: 1.7% (2025) · Mongolia: 0.9% (2025)
How much does the central government collect in tax?
Mongolia’s central government collects 17% of GDP in tax, China’s 7.0%
China: 7% (2024) · Mongolia: 16.9% (2024)
How expensive is it?
China’s price level (US = 100) is 1.4× Mongolia’s
China: 47% (2025) · Mongolia: 34% (2025)
Health
Long lives, small beginnings
How much is spent on health?
China spends 2.1 times as much on health per person as Mongolia
China: $763 (2023) · Mongolia: $360 (2023)
How long do people live?
People in China live 5.6 years longer than in Mongolia
China: 78 years (2024) · Mongolia: 72.4 years (2024)
How many babies don’t reach their first birthday?
A baby in Mongolia is 2.7 times as likely to die before turning one as in China
China: 4.1 per 1,000 (2024) · Mongolia: 11.2 per 1,000 (2024)
How many doctors are there?
Mongolia has 33% more doctors per person than China
China: 3.1 per 1,000 (2022) · Mongolia: 4.1 per 1,000 (2022)
How many hospital beds are there?
Mongolia has 52% more hospital beds per person than China
China: 5.6 per 1,000 (2023) · Mongolia: 8.6 per 1,000 (2023)
How common is suicide?
The suicide rate in Mongolia is 2 times that in China
China: 8 per 100k (2023) · Mongolia: 16 per 100k (2023)
How common is obesity?
26% of adults in Mongolia are obese, versus 9.1% in China
China: 9.1% (2024) · Mongolia: 25.5% (2024)
How many adults smoke?
30% of adults in Mongolia smoke, versus 23% in China
China: 22.8% (2024) · Mongolia: 29.5% (2024)
Everyday life
Plates, glasses and happiness
How do people rate their lives?
People in China rate their lives 0.14 points higher than in Mongolia
China: 6.07 (2025) · Mongolia: 5.94 (2025)
How much do people drink?
Adults in Mongolia drink 94% more alcohol than in China
China: 3.7 litres (2023) · Mongolia: 7.1 litres (2023)
How much meat is on the menu?
Mongolia has 85% more meat per person than China
China: 73.5 kg (2023) · Mongolia: 136.1 kg (2023)
How much food is there per day?
China has 496 kcal more food per person per day than Mongolia
China: 3,527 kcal (2023) · Mongolia: 3,031 kcal (2023)
How long do people work?
China: 2,328 hours (2023) · Mongolia: no data
How long do people go to school?
Adults in Mongolia went to school 1.4 years longer than in China
China: 8 years (2023) · Mongolia: 9.4 years (2023)
How many tourists visit?
Mongolia welcomed 4.4 times as many tourists per resident as China (2019)
China: 0.05 (2019) · Mongolia: 0.21 (2024)
How many World Heritage sites?
China has 54 more World Heritage sites than Mongolia (61 against 7)
China: 61 (2026) · Mongolia: 7 (2026)
How many Olympic medals has it won?
China has won 819 Olympic medals, Mongolia 31
China: 819 (2026 edition) · Mongolia: 31 (2026 edition)
Connected
Online, electrified, urban
How many people are online?
92% of people in China are online, versus 85% in Mongolia
China: 92% (2025) · Mongolia: 85% (2024)
How fast is home internet?
Home internet in China is 3.2 times as fast as in Mongolia
China: 364 Mbps (2026) · Mongolia: 113 Mbps (2026)
Who has electricity at home?
100% of people in China have electricity, versus 99% in Mongolia
China: 100% (2024) · Mongolia: 99.1% (2024)
How many live in cities?
71% of people in Mongolia live in cities, versus 66% in China
China: 66% (2025) · Mongolia: 71% (2025)
How many phones per person?
Mongolia has 141 mobile subscriptions per 100 people, China 132
China: 132 (2024) · Mongolia: 141 (2024)
How much railway is there?
China’s railway network is 60 times as long as Mongolia’s
China: 109,767 km (2021) · Mongolia: 1,821 km (2021)
How much do they fly?
Airlines from China fly 2 times as many passengers per resident as those from Mongolia
China: 0.44 (2023) · Mongolia: 0.22 (2023)
Planet
Air, forests and energy
How much of the land is forest?
Forest covers 24% of China, but only 9.1% of Mongolia
China: 24% (2024) · Mongolia: 9.1% (2024)
How much CO₂ does each person emit?
The average person in Mongolia emits 49% more CO₂ than someone in China
China: 8.7 t (2024) · Mongolia: 12.9 t (2024)
How green is the power grid?
37% of China’s electricity is renewable, versus 8.4% in Mongolia
China: 37% (2025) · Mongolia: 8.4% (2025)
How clean is the air?
The air in Mongolia carries 22% more fine dust than in China
China: 31.3 µg/m³ (2024) · Mongolia: 38.2 µg/m³ (2024)
Safety
Measured risk, not vibes
How common is murder?
You are 11 times as likely to be murdered in Mongolia as in China
China: 0.5 per 100k (2020) · Mongolia: 5.6 per 100k (2024)
How dangerous are the roads?
Roads in China are 37% deadlier than in Mongolia
China: 24.7 per 100k (2023) · Mongolia: 18 per 100k (2023)
Climate
What the year feels like
How warm is it?
China is on average 5.8 °C warmer than Mongolia
China: 7.8°C (2016–2025 avg) · Mongolia: 2°C (2016–2025 avg)
How much rain falls?
China gets 3.1 times as much rain as Mongolia
China: 813 mm (2016–2025 avg) · Mongolia: 266 mm (2016–2025 avg)
Between them
People, goods and passports that cross from one to the other
Quick answers
Is China bigger than Mongolia?
China is larger. Mongolia fits inside China 6.1 times.
Which has more people, China or Mongolia?
China has 394 times as many people as Mongolia (2025 estimates).
Where do people live longer, China or Mongolia?
People in China live 5.6 years longer than in Mongolia. Life expectancy at birth is 78.0 years in China and 72.4 in Mongolia.
Are people taller in China or Mongolia?
Men in China are 5.0 cm taller than in Mongolia (NCD-RisC, cohort born 2019).
