Land
Size, shape and altitude
How big is it, really?
Mongolia fits inside Russia 11 times
Mongolia: 1,564,120 km² (2024) · Russia: 17,125,200 km² (2024)
How much coast is there?
Mongolia: 0 km (2026 edition) · Russia: 37,653 km (2026 edition)
How high can you climb?
Russia’s highest peak towers 1,268 m above Mongolia’s
Mongolia: 4,374 m (2026 edition) · Russia: 5,642 m (2026 edition)
How much of the land is farmed?
Farmland covers 69% of Mongolia, versus 13% of Russia
Mongolia: 68.8% (2024) · Russia: 13.2% (2024)
People
Who lives there, and how closely
How many people live there?
Russia has 40 times as many people as Mongolia
Mongolia: 3.57 million (2025) · Russia: 144 million (2025)
How crowded is it?
Russia is 3.8 times as densely populated as Mongolia
Mongolia: 2 per km² (2025) · Russia: 9 per km² (2025)
How tall are the men?
Men in Russia are 6.0 cm taller than in Mongolia
Mongolia: 170.7 cm (2019) · Russia: 176.7 cm (2019)
How tall are the women?
Women in Russia are 4.6 cm taller than in Mongolia
Mongolia: 159.9 cm (2019) · Russia: 164.5 cm (2019)
How old is the typical person?
The typical person in Russia is 13 years older than in Mongolia
Mongolia: 26.8 years (2023) · Russia: 39.5 years (2023)
How many children per woman?
Women in Mongolia have 1.1 more children on average than in Russia
Mongolia: 2.5 children per woman (2024) · Russia: 1.42 children per woman (2024)
How many people are 65 or older?
18% of people in Russia are 65 or older, versus 5.4% in Mongolia
Mongolia: 5.4% (2025) · Russia: 17.8% (2025)
How many refugees does it host?
Russia hosts 27 times as many refugees per resident as Mongolia
Mongolia: 0.0031 per 1,000 (2025) · Russia: 0.1 per 1,000 (2025)
How many Nobel laureates were born there?
Russia has produced 2.0 Nobel laureates per 10 million people, Mongolia none
Mongolia: 0 (2026) · Russia: 2 (2026)
How many official languages?
Mongolia and Russia are practically level
Mongolia: 1 (2026) · Russia: 1 (2026)
Money
What an economy looks like per person
How big is the economy?
Russia’s economy is 101 times the size of Mongolia’s
Mongolia: $25.4 billion (2025) · Russia: $2.56 trillion (2025)
How much is produced per person?
Russia produces 2.4 times as much per person as Mongolia
Mongolia: Int$20,798 (2025) · Russia: Int$49,568 (2025)
How evenly is income shared?
Income is more unequally shared in Russia than in Mongolia (Gini 1.6 points higher)
Mongolia: 31.4 (2022) · Russia: 33 (2023)
How many live on less than $3 a day?
Mongolia and Russia are practically level
Mongolia: 0.4% (2022) · Russia: 0.1% (2023)
How many people are looking for work?
Unemployment is 5.2% in Mongolia, versus 2.1% in Russia
Mongolia: 5.2% (2025) · Russia: 2.1% (2025)
How much goes to the military?
Russia spends 7.5% of its GDP on the military, Mongolia 0.9%
Mongolia: 0.9% (2025) · Russia: 7.5% (2025)
How much does the central government collect in tax?
Mongolia’s central government collects 17% of GDP in tax, Russia’s 11%
Mongolia: 16.9% (2024) · Russia: 10.9% (2024)
How expensive is it?
Russia’s price level (US = 100) is 1× Mongolia’s
Mongolia: 34% (2025) · Russia: 35% (2025)
Health
Long lives, small beginnings
How much is spent on health?
Russia spends 2.8 times as much on health per person as Mongolia
Mongolia: $360 (2023) · Russia: $1,003 (2023)
How long do people live?
People in Russia live 1 year longer than in Mongolia
Mongolia: 72.4 years (2024) · Russia: 73.4 years (2024)
How many babies don’t reach their first birthday?
A baby in Mongolia is 2.7 times as likely to die before turning one as in Russia
Mongolia: 11.2 per 1,000 (2024) · Russia: 4.1 per 1,000 (2024)
How many doctors are there?
Russia has 24% more doctors per person than Mongolia
Mongolia: 4.1 per 1,000 (2022) · Russia: 5.1 per 1,000 (2022)
How many hospital beds are there?
Mongolia has 26% more hospital beds per person than Russia
Mongolia: 8.6 per 1,000 (2023) · Russia: 6.8 per 1,000 (2023)
How common is suicide?
The suicide rate in Russia is 24% higher than in Mongolia
Mongolia: 16 per 100k (2023) · Russia: 19.8 per 100k (2023)
How common is obesity?
26% of adults in Mongolia are obese, versus 21% in Russia
Mongolia: 25.5% (2024) · Russia: 21.2% (2024)
How many adults smoke?
30% of adults in Mongolia smoke, versus 27% in Russia
Mongolia: 29.5% (2024) · Russia: 27% (2024)
Everyday life
Plates, glasses and happiness
How do people rate their lives?
People in Mongolia rate their lives 0.10 points higher than in Russia
Mongolia: 5.94 (2025) · Russia: 5.83 (2025)
How much do people drink?
Adults in Russia drink 46% more alcohol than in Mongolia
Mongolia: 7.1 litres (2023) · Russia: 10.4 litres (2023)
How much meat is on the menu?
Mongolia has 61% more meat per person than Russia
Mongolia: 136.1 kg (2023) · Russia: 84.8 kg (2023)
How much food is there per day?
Russia has 497 kcal more food per person per day than Mongolia
Mongolia: 3,031 kcal (2023) · Russia: 3,528 kcal (2023)
How long do people work?
Mongolia: no data · Russia: 2,087 hours (2023)
How long do people go to school?
Adults in Russia went to school 3 years longer than in Mongolia
Mongolia: 9.4 years (2023) · Russia: 12.4 years (2023)
How many tourists visit?
Mongolia: 0.21 (2024) · Russia: no data
How many World Heritage sites?
Russia has 26 more World Heritage sites than Mongolia (33 against 7)
Mongolia: 7 (2026) · Russia: 33 (2026)
How many Olympic medals has it won?
Russia has won 539 Olympic medals, Mongolia 31
Mongolia: 31 (2026 edition) · Russia: 539 (2026 edition)
Connected
Online, electrified, urban
How many people are online?
94% of people in Russia are online, versus 85% in Mongolia
Mongolia: 85% (2024) · Russia: 94% (2024)
How fast is home internet?
Mongolia: 113 Mbps (2026) · Russia: no data
Who has electricity at home?
100% of people in Russia have electricity, versus 99% in Mongolia
Mongolia: 99.1% (2024) · Russia: 100% (2024)
How many live in cities?
75% of people in Russia live in cities, versus 71% in Mongolia
Mongolia: 71% (2025) · Russia: 75% (2025)
How many phones per person?
Russia has 186 mobile subscriptions per 100 people, Mongolia 141
Mongolia: 141 (2024) · Russia: 186 (2024)
How much railway is there?
Russia’s railway network is 47 times as long as Mongolia’s
Mongolia: 1,821 km (2021) · Russia: 85,544 km (2021)
How much do they fly?
Airlines from Russia fly 3.2 times as many passengers per resident as those from Mongolia
Mongolia: 0.22 (2023) · Russia: 0.69 (2023)
Planet
Air, forests and energy
How much of the land is forest?
Forest covers 51% of Russia, but only 9.1% of Mongolia
Mongolia: 9.1% (2024) · Russia: 50.8% (2024)
How much CO₂ does each person emit?
The average person in Mongolia emits 5% more CO₂ than someone in Russia
Mongolia: 12.9 t (2024) · Russia: 12.3 t (2024)
How green is the power grid?
17% of Russia’s electricity is renewable, versus 8.4% in Mongolia
Mongolia: 8.4% (2025) · Russia: 17.4% (2025)
How clean is the air?
The air in Mongolia carries 3 times as much fine dust as in Russia
Mongolia: 38.2 µg/m³ (2024) · Russia: 12.9 µg/m³ (2024)
Safety
Measured risk, not vibes
How common is murder?
You are 39% more likely to be murdered in Russia than in Mongolia
Mongolia: 5.6 per 100k (2024) · Russia: 7.8 per 100k (2024)
How dangerous are the roads?
Roads in Mongolia are 34% deadlier than in Russia
Mongolia: 18 per 100k (2023) · Russia: 13.4 per 100k (2023)
Climate
What the year feels like
How warm is it?
Mongolia is on average 4.6 °C warmer than Russia
Mongolia: 2°C (2016–2025 avg) · Russia: -2.6°C (2016–2025 avg)
How much rain falls?
Russia gets 2.2 times as much rain as Mongolia
Mongolia: 266 mm (2016–2025 avg) · Russia: 586 mm (2016–2025 avg)
Between them
People, goods and passports that cross from one to the other
Quick answers
Is Mongolia bigger than Russia?
Russia is larger. Mongolia fits inside Russia 11 times.
Which has more people, Mongolia or Russia?
Russia has 40 times as many people as Mongolia (2025 estimates).
Where do people live longer, Mongolia or Russia?
People in Russia live 1 year longer than in Mongolia. Life expectancy at birth is 72.4 years in Mongolia and 73.4 in Russia.
Are people taller in Mongolia or Russia?
Men in Russia are 6.0 cm taller than in Mongolia (NCD-RisC, cohort born 2019).
