Land
Size, shape and altitude
How big is it, really?
Turkmenistan fits inside Kazakhstan 5.5 times.
Kazakhstan: 2,724,900 km² (2023) · Turkmenistan: 491,209 km² (2023)
How much coast is there?
Kazakhstan: 0 km (2026 edition) · Turkmenistan: 0 km (2026 edition)
How high can you climb?
Kazakhstan’s highest peak towers 3,871 m above Turkmenistan’s.
Kazakhstan: 7,010 m (2026 edition) · Turkmenistan: 3,139 m (2026 edition)
People
Who lives there, and how closely
How many people live there?
Kazakhstan has 2.7 times as many people as Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 20.8 million (2025) · Turkmenistan: 7.62 million (2025)
How crowded is it?
Turkmenistan is 2.1 times as densely populated as Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan: 8 per km² (2025) · Turkmenistan: 16 per km² (2025)
How tall are the men?
Men in Kazakhstan are 1.1 cm taller than in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 175.5 cm (2019) · Turkmenistan: 174.4 cm (2019)
How tall are the women?
Women in Turkmenistan are 1.1 cm taller than in Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan: 161.7 cm (2019) · Turkmenistan: 162.8 cm (2019)
How old is the typical person?
The typical person in Kazakhstan is 3.2 years older than in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 29.5 years (2023) · Turkmenistan: 26.2 years (2023)
How many children per woman?
Women in Kazakhstan have 0.3 more children on average than in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 2.98 children per woman (2024) · Turkmenistan: 2.66 children per woman (2024)
How many people are 65 or older?
9.0% of people in Kazakhstan are 65 or older, versus 4.8% in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 9% (2025) · Turkmenistan: 4.8% (2025)
How many Nobel laureates were born there?
Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are practically level.
Kazakhstan: 0 (2025) · Turkmenistan: 0 (2025)
How many official languages?
Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are practically level.
Kazakhstan: 2 (2026) · Turkmenistan: 2 (2026)
Money
What an economy looks like per person
How big is the economy?
Kazakhstan’s economy is 6.1 times the size of Turkmenistan’s.
Kazakhstan: $306 billion (2025) · Turkmenistan: $49.8 billion (2025)
How much is produced per person?
Kazakhstan produces 2 times as much per person as Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: Int$44,294 (2025) · Turkmenistan: Int$22,602 (2025)
How evenly is income shared?
Kazakhstan: 29.2 (2021) · Turkmenistan: no data
How many people are looking for work?
Unemployment is 4.8% in Kazakhstan, versus 4.3% in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 4.8% (2025) · Turkmenistan: 4.3% (2025)
How much goes to the military?
Kazakhstan: 0.4% (2024) · Turkmenistan: no data
How expensive is it?
Kazakhstan’s price level (US = 100) is 1.1× Turkmenistan’s.
Kazakhstan: 33% (2025) · Turkmenistan: 29% (2025)
Health
Long lives, small beginnings
How much is spent on health?
Turkmenistan spends 19% more on health per person than Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan: $490 (2023) · Turkmenistan: $581 (2023)
How long do people live?
People in Kazakhstan live 4.3 years longer than in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 74.5 years (2024) · Turkmenistan: 70.2 years (2024)
How many babies don’t reach their first birthday?
A baby in Turkmenistan is 4.1 times as likely to die before turning one as in Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan: 7.4 per 1,000 (2024) · Turkmenistan: 30.4 per 1,000 (2024)
How many doctors are there?
Kazakhstan has 95% more doctors per person than Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 3.8 per 1,000 (2023) · Turkmenistan: 1.9 per 1,000 (2023)
How common is obesity?
22% of adults in Kazakhstan are obese, versus 21% in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 22.4% (2024) · Turkmenistan: 21.2% (2024)
How many adults smoke?
21% of adults in Kazakhstan smoke, versus 5.4% in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 21.1% (2024) · Turkmenistan: 5.4% (2024)
Everyday life
Plates, glasses and happiness
How do people rate their lives?
People in Kazakhstan rate their lives 1.16 points higher than in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 6.63 (2025) · Turkmenistan: 5.47 (2021)
How much do people drink?
Adults in Kazakhstan drink 3.9 times as much alcohol as in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 6 litres (2023) · Turkmenistan: 1.5 litres (2023)
How much meat is on the menu?
Kazakhstan has 27% more meat per person than Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 64.9 kg (2023) · Turkmenistan: 51.2 kg (2023)
How much food is there per day?
Kazakhstan has 322 kcal more food per person per day than Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 3,136 kcal (2023) · Turkmenistan: 2,814 kcal (2023)
How long do people work?
Workers in Turkmenistan put in 204 more hours a year than in Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan: 1,975 hours (2023) · Turkmenistan: 2,179 hours (2023)
How long do people go to school?
Adults in Kazakhstan went to school 1.3 years longer than in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 12.5 years (2023) · Turkmenistan: 11.2 years (2023)
How many tourists visit?
Kazakhstan: 0.5 (2024) · Turkmenistan: no data
Connected
Online, electrified, urban
How many people are online?
93% of people in Kazakhstan are online, versus 18% in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 93% (2024) · Turkmenistan: 18% (2016)
Who has electricity at home?
Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are practically level.
Kazakhstan: 100% (2024) · Turkmenistan: 100% (2024)
How many live in cities?
62% of people in Kazakhstan live in cities, versus 47% in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 62% (2025) · Turkmenistan: 47% (2025)
How many phones per person?
Kazakhstan has 127 mobile subscriptions per 100 people, Turkmenistan 88.
Kazakhstan: 127 (2024) · Turkmenistan: 88 (2021)
How much railway is there?
Kazakhstan’s railway network is 2.1 times as long as Turkmenistan’s.
Kazakhstan: 16,006 km (2021) · Turkmenistan: 7,680 km (2018)
How much do they fly?
Airlines from Kazakhstan fly 4 times as many passengers per resident as those from Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 0.57 (2023) · Turkmenistan: 0.14 (2023)
Planet
Air, forests and energy
How much of the land is forest?
Forest covers 8.8% of Turkmenistan, but only 1.3% of Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan: 1.3% (2023) · Turkmenistan: 8.8% (2023)
How much CO₂ does each person emit?
The average person in Kazakhstan emits 29% more CO₂ than someone in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 13.9 t (2024) · Turkmenistan: 10.8 t (2024)
How green is the power grid?
15% of Kazakhstan’s electricity is renewable, versus 0.0% in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 14.9% (2025) · Turkmenistan: 0% (2024)
How clean is the air?
The air in Turkmenistan carries 82% more fine dust than in Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan: 16 µg/m³ (2024) · Turkmenistan: 29.1 µg/m³ (2024)
Safety
Measured risk, not vibes
How common is murder?
You are 2.5 times as likely to be murdered in Kazakhstan as in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 2.6 per 100k (2022) · Turkmenistan: 1 per 100k (2015)
How dangerous are the roads?
Roads in Kazakhstan are 52% deadlier than in Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 12.2 per 100k (2021) · Turkmenistan: 8 per 100k (2021)
Climate
What the year feels like
How warm is it?
Turkmenistan is on average 9.7 °C warmer than Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan: 7.8°C (2016–2025 avg) · Turkmenistan: 17.5°C (2016–2025 avg)
How much rain falls?
Kazakhstan gets 2.2 times as much rain as Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan: 328 mm (2016–2025 avg) · Turkmenistan: 151 mm (2016–2025 avg)
Quick answers
Is Kazakhstan bigger than Turkmenistan?
Kazakhstan is larger. Turkmenistan fits inside Kazakhstan 5.5 times.
Which has more people, Kazakhstan or Turkmenistan?
Kazakhstan has 2.7 times as many people as Turkmenistan (2025 estimates).
Where do people live longer, Kazakhstan or Turkmenistan?
People in Kazakhstan live 4.3 years longer than in Turkmenistan. Life expectancy at birth is 74.5 years in Kazakhstan and 70.2 in Turkmenistan.
Are people taller in Kazakhstan or Turkmenistan?
Men in Kazakhstan are 1.1 cm taller than in Turkmenistan (NCD-RisC, cohort born 2019).
